APBiologyAdditionalLinks

AP Biology Links by Topic
Click on one the following key concepts to jump to a topics further down the page: Nature of Science Chemistry of Life Ecology and Behavior
Energetics & Thermodynamics, Enzymes Cells Membranes Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Cell Signaling Mitosis DNA Structure/Replication DNA/RNA Protein Synthesis
Gene Control Meiosis Development Biotechnology Genetics (Mendel) Genetics (Non-Mendelian) Genetics (Epigenetics) Evolution- Darwin Evolution- Beyond Darwin
Evolution: Phylogenetics/Systematics Evolution: Human/Primate Evolution: Hardy Weinberg Population Genetics Diversity of Life: Archae/Bacteria, Protists/Fungi, Plants, Animals
Body Systems: Introduction, Nervous/Senses, Circulatory/Respiratory/Excretory, Immune/Virus, Endocrine/Hormones

Topic	Additional Links
Nature of Science	Purpose of Education (speech) How to get an A+ on a lab write-up Logistic Growth Model Exponential Growth Model What is Inquiry? Designing Inquiry type labs Questions and procedures to consider in an Inquiry Lab Report
Ecology & Behavior	Examples of Symbiosis and Co-evolution Squirrels and Snakes Good Review Information: POPULATION ECOLOGY COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS THE BIOSPHERE AND MASS EXTINCTIONS *Isopods and Pillbugs And more than you ever wanted to know Symbiotic bioluminescence (HHMI)
Chemistry of Life	Basic Chemistry Tutorial (Biology Project) CHEMISTRY I: ATOMS AND MOLECULES CHEMISTRY II: WATER AND ORGANIC MOLECULES Water Properties Acids and Bases (Biology Project) Virtual AP Lab 2 Tutorial Functional groups and macromolecules (scroll down) Basics of Large Molecules (Biology Project) 3-D Biomolecules Enantiomers pH buffering (Biology Project) Van der Waals and Spiderman Molecular Shapes/enantiomers info The truth about lipids Chemistry of Amino Acids (Biology Project University of Arizona) Interactive Tutorial on the Shape of Proteins Digestion, Pancreas, Why Beans Give You Gas (for fun). Carbohydrate Regulation Insulin HHMI Holiday Lecture: Biodiversity and looking for new medicines
Energetics, Thermodynamics, Enzymes	LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS & 2nd Law of Thermodynamics All you'd ever want to know REACTIONS AND ENZYMES Enzymes Enzyme Kinetics Denaturizing of proteins Animation of Protein Structure Folding Site Basics of Energy and Enzymes (Biology Project) Small molecules and interactions with proteins (HHMI)
Cells	Basics of Cell Membranes (Biology Project) Inside a Cell animation U of Utah Evolution of the Cell U of Utah Cell Size and Scale U of Utah ATP/Transport Rap (2009 from Autumn) Lungs/Respiration Size of Cells Article (extra credit) Cytoskeleton and Muscle Structure of the proteosome (HHMI) Amazing info about how vesicles move with dynein and kinesin Types of Life and Cells (Biology Projects) CELLS II: CELLULAR ORGANIZATION Scientific Method and the Study of Cells (Biology Project) Inside the Cell Cells Alive
Membranes (Water Potential)	Water Potential Link and another link (if you really want to know how psi is measured physically) Structure of Cellular Membranes Membranes organize celllular complexity (U of Utah) More on Membranes and Transport Tutorial on Transport great animation Kidney Aquaporins- Movement of water through the cell membrane (animation) Excretory System/ Digestive (enzymes/absorption) Activie Transport YouTube
Cellular Respiration	Metabolism/ Cellular Respiration Basics (Biology Project) The Storage Battery of Life ATP Synthase Sites for Biochemistry Animations: Glycolysis Krebs Glycolysis Cellular Respiration Lactic Acid is Fuel? Animated Glycolysis Bad Rap for Lactic Acid/Lactate glucose song Krebs Song ETC Song 1 (go down to the ETC song) ETC song ATP Synthase Song Cool Animation of Mitochondria Cellular Respiration Song (a little silly but useful) Step by Step Glycolysis Step by Step in the Mitochondria Step by Step Glycolysis and Fermentation Animated/Interactive ETC
Photosynthesis	Light Reaction Dark Reaction Photosynthesis: Pathway of Carbon Fixation Photosynthesis: The Role of Light C4 Plants Gas Exchange in Plants Basics of Photosynthesis Part I, Part II with C4 Plants (Biology Project) Photosynthesis doesn't occur in the dark article Arsenic Photosynthetic Bacteria
Cell Signaling	Basics of Cell Signaling (Biology Project) Cell Signaling/ Neurons Lecture The Inside Story of Cell Signaling (U of Utah) Animations: (this link contains animations on p53 and Cell Cycle and Telemers and Proto oncogenes and Signal Transduction Quorum Sensing in Bacteria (HHMI) Fight or Flight and Cell Communication (U of Utah) Cell Signaling in various cells (U of Utah) What happens when cell signaling goes wrong (U of Utah) NO stuff more stuff on NO fireflies and NO Cool Tyrosine Kinase animation G protein animation Extra Credit Article: Double Life of ATP Good Review for Cell Communication The Central Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System Action Potentials
Mitosis	Cell Cycle Game Lecture: Cell communication/ cell cycle Cell Cycle Tutorial DNA Review Cell Cycle ControlsExcellent MitosisCell Division -- Mitosis Mitosis Tutorial HHMI Holiday Lectures: Cancer Shugosin cool name what is it good for? Beautiful Animation of Mitosis (short version) Long version Silly YouTube Mitosis Video Movies of microtubules cool mitosis computer animation cell communication info Basics of Cell Cycle and Mitosis (Biology Project) p53 "death protein" Metastasis p53 guardian of the genome (HHMI) Caspases and Programmed Cell Death (Flash) Caspases Animations: (this link contains animations on p53 and Cell Cycle and Telemers and Proto oncogenes and Signal Transduction
DNA Structure & Replication	Virtual DNA extraction U of Utah DNA Animations DNA Stucture Animation (HHMI) Build a DNA Molecule U of Utah Basics of DNA, Chromosomes, Proteins U of Utah YouTube DNA Replication Song to backstreetboys DNA Replication Animation (HHMI) Mutation Animation (HHMI) Types of Chromosomal Abnormalities How H1NI jumped to humans All about telomeres (HHMI) HHMI Holiday Lectures: Genes and Genomes HHMI Holiday Lectures: Biological Clocks & Genes
DNA/RNA Protein Synthesis (Central Dogma)	DNA Overview DNA to Protein U of Utah How Fireflies Glow Tutorial on Protein Synthesis U of Utah Articles on Francis Crick's contribution to Central Dogma/Protein Synthesis & DNA Transcription Tutorial 1 Transcription Animation (HHMI) mRNA splicing Animation (HHMI) RNA diversity Translation Animation (HHMI) Triplet codon explanation (HHMI) hnRNP DNA/RNA Proteins Why is DNA the main nucleic acid for information storage instead of RNA? RNAi (HHMI) HHMI Holiday Lecture: World of RNA More on Protein Synthesis SNP and cause of Sickle Cell Anemia (HHMI) DNA interactive from Cold Spring Harbor Replication and Central Dogma (click on copying the code to get to the general site then "putting it together" to see the animations) Overview of Central Dogma all three types Violation of Central Dogma???? Non-ribosomal peptide synthesis Microbial Mutations and Genetic Recombination Explanations with tons of Animations Protein Transport Movie Central Dogma Sites: tRNA structure Genomics 101 (TED talk) STD and Viruses
Gene Control	Gene Switches (HHMI) Jagged 1 Cell Signaling
Meiosis	Basics of Meiosis (Biology Project) Animations of oogenesis in various organisms Meiosis Rap (youtube) Meiosis Tutorial Shugosin 2 (not just a cool name) funny YouTube video: Meiosis Square Dance with Drosophila
Development	Is it Human? Embryology Tutorial Basics of Development Virtual Embryo Chick Embryo Slides Sea Urchin Starfish Zebrafish Frog Drosophilia (youtube) Human
Biotechnology (Transformation, Restriction Analysis, Mapping, PCR, etc.)	Basics of DNA Technology DNA Forensics Part I and Part II (Biology Project) Inserting Gene of Interest into Plasmid Anmiation (HHMI) LAC operon tutorial Latest info on viral infection methods The Genome Module from DNA interactiave Visualing Gene Expression Gene Switches (HHMI) Human Genome Scavenger Hunt Activity Background info on Restriction Mapping}} PCR Animation (HHMI) PCR Animation PCR Virtual Lab (U of Utah) GEL ELECTROPHORESIS Virtual Lab (U of Utah) Understanding Sequence Assembly (HHMI) Background Article on PV92 and Evolution Sanger DNA Sequencing (HHMI) Shotgun DNA Sequencing (HHMI) VNTR: variable # tandem repeats STR: short tandem repeats RFLP: restriction fragment length polymorphism youtube RFLP Tutorial Part I STR Tutorial Part II Recombinant DNA Technology Virtual Lab Making a Microarry U of Utah How to make a Microarray slide Analyzing Microarrays Virochip Microarray Explained (HHMI) Working with DNA from DNA Interactive The Romanovs Genetic Origins Cloning U of Utah TRANSGENIC MICE (U of Utah) GENE THERAPY (U of Utah)
2nd Semester
Genetics (Mendel)	HHMI Holiday Lectures: Genes and Gender HHMI Virtual Fly Lab I'm My Own Grandpa Genetics and Blood Types, Color Blindness Epistasis, more Epistasis XY Females, Evolution of the Y chromosome Human Genetics Tutorials Nondisjunction Animation Crazy Fly gene names Animated Monohybrid Cross Animated Dihybrid Cross Mendel's Laws 1st Law Codominance and Variations on 1st law 2nd Law Types of Chromosomal Abnormalities Queen Victoria Family Pedigree Animated Pedigrees Pedigrees explained Dihybrid Crosses Pedigree Symbols Pedigree Analysis Blue People Pedigree
Genetics (Non-Mendelian)	Genomics 101 (TED talk) Retrovirus and Viral Diversity (HHMI) Gender testing Athletes (HHMI) HHMI Holiday Lectures: Stem Cells History of class 2 transposons More transposons Pseudogene info Epistasis, Pleiotrophy and Epigenetics, Epigenetics News Corn Transposons (simple) Horizontal Gene Transfer
Genetics (Epigenetics)	Epigenetics U of Utah THE EPIGENOME AT A GLANCE U of Utah GENE CONTROL Epigenetics U of Utah THE EPIGENOME LEARNS FROM ITS EXPERIENCES U of Utah EPIGENETICS & INHERITANCE U of Utah INSIGHTS FROM IDENTICAL TWINS and epigenetics U of Utah LICK YOUR RATS epigenetics study U of Utah NUTRITION & THE EPIGENOME U of Utah EPIGENETICS & THE HUMAN BRAIN U of Utah
Gene Control	Gene Switches (HHMI)
Evolution - Darwin	HHMI Holiday Lectures: Evolution review info site on Evolution Geological Time U of Utah Unity of Life exploration U of Utah Natural Selection (HHMI) Artifical vs. Natural Selection Exploration U of Utah Gene Switches (HHMI) All things Evolution from U of Utah (variation, selection and time) Stickleback fish evolution exploration U of Utah Evolution of Corn exploration U of Utah Rock Pocket Mice, rapid evolution exploration U of Utah Evolution of the Eye exploration U of Utah Supertaster Genetics comic book version of evolution of life on earth Life on Earth in 60 seconds Geologic Time Mnemonic Great Review Site for Molecular Genetics and Evolution
Evolution- Beyond Darwin	Great Review Site for Molecular Genetics and Evolution
Evolution - Hardy Weinberg (Pop. Evolution)	Traits through time exploration U of Utah Populations and Quantitative Genetics Bird feeders and Evolution Early Whales Gave Birth on Land, Fossils Reveal Did Life Evolve in Ice? Pupfish and Evolution Wolbachia and Intragenomic Conflict Slide Show (an alternative version of natural selection) Toxoplasma gondii another parasite that changes behavior in mammals; linked to alteration in sex-ratio in humans, more
Evolution- Systematics, Phylogenetics	Intro to Phylogenetics and other links within UCMP Confounding issues in phylogenetics: Horizontal Gene Transfer Jumping Genes in Plants horizontal transfer article Phylogenetic Tree Background Help on Parsimony (slideshow) 1)Using Sequence to determine Phylogenetic Trees 2)Phylogeny and Trees Revised Tree of life Eocytes Evidence for Sympatric Speciation Phylogenetic Trees Taxonomy/Phylogeny Review
Evolution- Human / Primate	Origins of Modern Humans (HHMI) Tracking Evolutions Footprints in the Human Genome Neanderthals on Trial Becoming Human Web Site Did Climate Change Trigger Human Evolution? New "Hobbit" Human Bones Add to Evidence, Oddity Millions of Men May Be Descended From Irish King, Study Says Or Genghis Khan and more Out of Africa ppt Evolution of Man and more Evolution of Man (Smithsonian) Journey of Man (check out the atlas on the web site) Why bother carrying a deleterious gene (for 52,000 years)? They Don't Make Humans Like They Used To and Duffy Blood Group Advantage Hominid Clade Appendix; vestigial or not? Less is More Wikipedia: Phylogenetic Trees Adam never met Eve article Does Race Exist? Article Link: Modern Human Origins and Neanderthal Extinctions in the Levant
Diversity - Archea, Bacteria	HHMI Virtual Bacteria ID Lab Recommended Parade thru the Kingdoms Tree of Life Link Bacterial Evolution (diarrhea) TED talks
Diversity - Protists, Fungi	Protist A-rama Alternation of Generations, Asexual and Sexual Reproduction/ Fungi Slide Show Fungus of the Month Fungi Weblinks 6 ways fungi can save the world (TED talk) Fungi Life Styles/ Flesh Eating Fungi (Cordyceps mind controlling fungi-YouTube) Pond Scum videos
Diversity- Plants	Absolutely GREAT overview of Eukarya Evolution of Plants New class of Plants Hormones found (9/08) Diversity of Plants Plant slides Plant Hormones and More Plant Growth Plant Defense System How do you make a seedless orange? and Parthenocarpy Plant Hormones (link on bottom of page to other hormones) Plant Tissue stuff Plant Cells Translocation of Food Transgenic Plants Plant Growth Self-Incompatibility/ Avoiding Inbreeding Asexual Reproduction Etiolation/ Phytochromes
Diversity - Animals	Overview of Kingdom Animalia Tour of Animal Kingdom (some links broken) Cool video on nemerteans and echinoderms Attack of the Sea Slugs (nudibranchs) Algae and Animals living together: Going Green (endosymbiosis and mutualism) Poison Dart Frogs: Neurotoxins
Body Systems- Introduction	Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms, Examples; Animated Example More Examples Basic Principles of animal form and function Online Lecture source:
Body Systems- Nervous System & Sensory	The Central Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System Action Potentials Electric Fish Exploration (HHMI) Poison Dart Frogs: Neurotoxins Electrical Activity of Neurons Exploration (HHMI) Controlling Animal Locomotion (HHMI) HHMI Holiday Lectures: Neuroscience HHMI: Virtual Neurophysiology Lab THE NEW SCIENCE OF ADDICTION U of Utah EPIGENETICS & THE HUMAN BRAIN U of Utah Cool there are now 6 different taste receptors Internet Usage Refiguring Brains Blue Men- Rods and Cones
Body Systems: Immune System	Immunology Tutorial (HHMI) HHMI: Virtual Immunology Lab HHMI Holiday Lectures: Immunlogy HHMI Holdiay Lectures: Infectious Diseases HHMI Holiday Lecture: Biodiversity and looking for new medicines How antibodies attack (HHMI) Retrovirus and Viral Diversity (HHMI) How H1NI jumped to humans Dengue Vector Intervention (HHMI) Search for Emerging Viruses (TED talk) Humorous NPR animation of viral infections H1N1 Evolution from bird to human Senses Galore Tongue Bugs Test your brain Hacking Your Brain Fun NerveTransmission (Stanford YouTube) Put some Acetylcholine in it (Stanford YouTube)
Body Systems: Circulatory/ Respiratory System/ Excretory System	Vertebrate Circulatorium (HHMI) HHMI: Virtual Cardiology Lab Electrocardiogram (HHMI) Exploration of Heart size in mammals (HHMI) HHMI Holiday Lectures: Cardiovascular Respiratory All about Kidney and toxicity
Body Systems: Endocrine & Hormones/ Development	Fight or Flight and Cell Communication Fight or Flight in detail Virtual Embryo C. elegans development movie Imprinting Article (genetic) Extending Life Article Great Links for Embryology and Organogenesis Basics of Development EVO-DEVO Rap from Stanford (from Autumn)